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''Reverberation'' is the sixth studio album by the British rock band Echo & the Bunnymen. The album was released amidst a line-up change for the group, due to the departure of vocalist Ian McCulloch and the death of drummer Pete de Freitas. The remaining members, guitarist Will Sergeant and bassist Les Pattinson, were joined by ex-St. Vitus Dance singer Noel Burke, keyboard player Jake Brockman and drummer Damon Reece. The album was produced by former engineer for The Beatles Geoff Emerick at Ridge Farm Studio in Surrey, England, and had a more pronounced psychedelic sound than the group's previous releases. Following the album's December 1990 release, critical reviews were not favourable; critics noted Burke to be a poor replacement for McCulloch, who they believed was an indispensable aspect of the band. After ''Reverberation'' failed to chart, the band were dropped by WEA Records and, after two independently released singles, disbanded in 1993. ==Background and recording== During August and September 1987, Echo & the Bunnymen co-headlined a tour of the United States with popular electronic group New Order. Despite the tour passing without incident, the performances were deemed to be of poor quality. Although American audiences were apparently satisfied by the shows, when the group returned to the United Kingdom for an autumn tour the British music press and audiences were not as equally enthusiastic.〔Adams, p.201〕 Shortly thereafter the band announced plans to record a self-produced album of "savage rock" when there was more free time.〔Adams, p. 202〕 The group toured the UK and the US again in early 1988. These concerts were more positively received than their tour the previous year, with guitarist Will Sergeant being singled out for praise – BBC Radio 1 disc jockey John Peel said, "Will Sergeant was superb, moving in a trice from squalls of angry sound to playing with such care and subtlety that there were whispered asides from his guitar that I would have sworn only he and I had heard."〔 In March 1988, the band released a cover version of The Doors' song "People Are Strange". However, this failed to impress critics; music paper ''Melody Maker'' called it a "rancid effort" and ''Q'' said the band had "thrown in the towel".〔 Following a Japanese tour in April 1988, Echo & the Bunnymen's lead singer, Ian McCulloch, announced that the band were going to split up.〔Adams, p. 203〕 Following the announcement, McCulloch returned to the United Kingdom to visit his father who had just suffered two heart attacks but was too late as he died shortly before arriving. After five months of speculation as to whether the split up was genuine, McCulloch met with the other members of the band in September 1988 and, despite the group's attempts to change his mind, told them he was leaving the band.〔Adams, p. 204〕 McCulloch later said in a 1997 interview, "The last days of The Bunnymen consisted of a bunch of people who were more interested in changing oil in their cars than rock 'n' roll. That pissed me off. I was doing every sodding interview, writing sodding every song."〔Grant, Kieran (26 October 1997). "(Echo bouncing back )". Canadian Online Explorer. Retrieved on 12 January 2009.〕 Having been persuaded by Rob Dickins at WEA that the band could still be a success in the United States,〔Taylor, Steve (2004). ''The A to X of Alternative Music'', p. 99. Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-8217-1.〕 Sergeant told McCulloch that he and the other two band members, bassist Les Pattinson and drummer Pete de Freitas, planned to continue.〔Adams, p. 205〕 After a failed attempt to record with The B-52's singers Kate Pierson and Cindy Wilson, the band advertised for a full-time replacement.〔Adams, p. 206–207〕 While McCulloch was recording his debut solo album, ''Candleland'' (1989), Echo & the Bunnymen promoted long-time touring keyboard player Jake Brockman to a full-time band member position.〔Adams, p. 226〕 In April 1989, after listening to an album by the defunct band St. Vitus Dance which had been recommended by Geoff Davies of Probe Records in Liverpool,〔Staunton, Terry (October 2005). "Ocean Refrain: Echo and the Bunnymen". ''Record Collector''.〕 Sergeant felt that the band's singer Noel Burke would work well within the context of the band's sound. After a meeting with the band and being reassured that they did not want a McCulloch clone, Burke agreed to join. However, tragedy struck when on 14 June 1989 de Freitas died in a motorcycle accident on his way to the band's first rehearsal.〔Robbins, Ira (5 February 1990). "Ian McCulloch". ''Rolling Stone''.〕〔Adams, p. 207〕 The band recruited Damon Reece, a friend of Brockman, as drummer in de Freitas's place and began rehearsals. The new line-up played their first string of performances in mid-March 1990 with a mixture of old and new material. McCulloch allegedly described this incarnation of the band as "Echo & the Bogusmen" but later attributed the comment to the former The Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr.〔〔Doherty, Mike (3 November 2008). "(Successful applicants must provide own legend )". ''National Post''. Retrieved on 13 January 2009.〕〔Tone E. "(Mac the Nice )". Atomicduster. Retrieved on 13 January 2009.〕 Sergeant later said that keeping the name was "down to wanting to take a bitter swipe at ()".〔 The new line-up entered Ridge Farm Studio in Surrey, England in mid-May 1990 to record the new album with producer Geoff Emerick, who had previously been the engineer for several albums by The Beatles. While recording the album Emerick would sit on the stairs outside the studio so that he could "listen to the mix properly".〔Adams, p. 228〕 Emerick employed the use of instruments such as sitars and tabla as well as backwards guitar loops.〔 The album contained many of Sergeant's favoured psychedelic influences.〔Buckley, Peter (2003). ''The Rough Guide to Rock'', p. 327. Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-105-4.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Reverberation (album)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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